[1075]
TE
TOA TAKITINI
Registered
at the GPO as a Newspaper
Number
98
Hastings
1st
October, 1929
Archdeacon Herbert Williams
He will be the third Bishop in his family line.
There are very few comparable families in
the world.
The 1oth of this month was a day set apart
by the Diocese of Waiapu for choosing a replacement for Dr W W Sedgwick who was
stepping down. Four people had been nominated. A large majority voted for
Herbert Williams.
Archdeacon Williams is Archdeacon of
Waiapu. He is the third member of his family to be appointed Bishop. His
grandfather was Williams the Brother [William Williams], the first Bishop of
Waiapu. He died in Napier in 1876. His father was William Leonard Williams who
succeeded Bishop Stuart who died in 1891. And now, at this time, perhaps we may
speak of ‘a great line of descent,’ as his son will ascend to this lofty
position. There are three generations of bishops in this family. This is
remarkable, especially as all three have been fluent speakers of the Maori
language. This ability is appropriate for this Diocese in which there are many
Maori.
Published
by Rev P Hakiwai and P H Tomoana, and printed at Cliff Press, Queen Street,
Hastings, HB.
[1076]
Registered at the GPO as a Newspaper.
Te Toa Takitini
The price of the Paper is 10/- a year.
Address letters to ‘Te Toa Takitini,’ Box
300, Hastings.
1st October, 1929
ARCHDEACDON HERBERT WILLIAMS
He
was born at Waerenga-a-Hika, Turanga, in 1860. He studied at Christ’s College,
Christchurch. He won a scholarsbip to the University of New Zealand and was
awarded his BA in 1880. The following year he went to Jesus College where he
was Rustat Scholar. He received his Cambridge BA in 1884 and his MA in 1887,
along with the title of 9th Senior Optime. He received the Litt.D (NZ)
in 1924 and the Litt.D (Cambridge) in 1925. While at Cambridge he was a very
good rugby player and was captain of the College team.
He taught at Haileybury College for a time.
When he returned to New Zealand in 1895 he became a teacher at Te Rau College.
He has been Archdeacon of Waiapu since 1907. He has been an examiner for the
theological colleges since 1910. Since 1928 he has been the Vicar-General. His
Doctorate was conferred upon him for the book he wrote about the Maori language
– ‘Dictionary of the Maori Language.’ That book has provided sustenance for the
Maori language for generations.
Herbert Williams is one of the country’s
wise men. He is an expert in every aspect of learning. He has a surpassing knowledge
of all things Maori – the language, the works, the culture, the customs, the crafts. Although he
was involved in acquiring the many things with which he stocked his mind, he
also learned thoroughly the craft of printing newspapers. The Government
appointed him Chairman of the Committee tasked with correcting the country’s
Maori names.
SOME OF THE
TELEGRAMS OF CONGRATULATION.
We, the tribes of Waikato,
send our congratulations to you who have been appointed to this sacred office.
Te Puea
Herangi, Ngaruawahia
[1077]
We rejoice that
you have been elevated to the peak of your forebears.
Paora, Te
Kaha
The Synod of the
Diocese of Auckland meeting yesterday agreed to send its congratulations to you
on being called to be Bishop of Waiapu.
Simkin,
Diocesan Secretary, Auckland
We rejoice and are
very happy that you are to be our Bishop. Kia ora.
Hemi Rapaea,
Porangahau
We and the Maori
working here give thanks and send our greetings.
Bulstrode,
Whakarewarewa
Kia ora. We are
happy that you have been called to be Bishop of Waiapu, as is our Committee in
London.
David
Calder, Wellington
Allow me sincerely
to congratulate you, Bishop.
Myers, Govt.
Buildings, Wellington
We are happy that
a right conclusion was reached. Our congratulations and our prayers.
Bell,
Auckland.
I, and the whole Diocese
send you congratulations.
Archbishop,
Parnell
I am very happy
that you are taking up this lofty office. I send greetings to the Diocese, your
family and your school.
K S Williams,
P.B., Wellington
Our
congratulations to you on being appointed to this office. May God bless you.
Apirana’s Family,
Tikitiki
We rejoice and are
very happy that you will be able to help Aotearoa. ‘The new net goes fishing.’
Auckland
Maori Association, Auckland
[1078]
I congratulate you
on the successful conclusion for you. I look first to you for work and ideas. The
Almighty will guide you in this.
A T Ngata, P.B.,
Wellington
I am delighted
that you have been called to be Bishop of Waiapu. May God keep you and
strengthen you for the work of a bishop
Hatara
Awarau, Tokomaru Bay
My heart rejoices
that you have been chosen to occupy the place of your father, Mr Williams. Long
life to you. May God strengthen and keep you. May you be enabled to teach the
people.
Goffe,
Cambridge.
I am very happy
and congratulate you on being raised to the office of your father. Kia ora
tonu.
Raumoa
Balneavis, P.B., Wellington
I rejoice and am
delighted at your election to the post held by your forebears. You also are
from Taupara. With love.
Henare Ruru,
Karaka
God be praised
that you have been called to be father of this bishopric and also to be guide
to the Maori People. You are ascending to the marae of your father and your
grandfather. Greetings to you, the rock standing in the sea peacefully among
us. The canoe, Aotearoa, will climb up. Kia ora.
The Maori
Members of the Auckland Synod.
HAWKES BAY
ARCHDEACONRY STANDING COMMITTEE
On Tuesday, 17th
September, this committee met at Pakowhai, Te Wairoa.
The Bishop of
Aotearoa chaired the meeting.
Clergy
Attending:
Rev Wi Pere Mataira, Nuhaka
Rev Hemi Huata, Mohaka-Wairoa
Rev W Rangi, Waipawa
Rev R Rangiaho, Waipatu
Rev P Hakiwai, Mote0
[1079]
Lay
Representatives Attending:
Hori Tupaea, Heretaunga
Paraire Tomoana, Waipatu
Ihakara Rapoana, Waipatu
H T Hutana, Waipawa
Hemi Rapaea, Porangahau
Kurupo Tareha, Waiohiki
Paora Kurupo, Moteo
Hapeta Tiopira, Omahu
Piwa Mihaere, Tangoio
Netana Nehemia, Mohaka
Hata Tipoki, Wairoa
Turi Carroll, Wairoa
Tiaki Mitchell, Wairoa
Several Ringatu
and Ratana also attended this meeting. They wanted to see how this kind of
meeting worked. After observing and listening they were very grateful.
The meeting began
with prayer. The Secretary read the minutes of the meeting held on 11th
June at Omahu. These were agreed.
The Motions
Passed.
1.
The
meeting appointed Rev W Rangi as Secretary for this year.
2.
Moved
by J Mitara; seconded by P H Tomoana: ‘That the Bishop of Aotearoa arrange an
examination for those Lay-Readers who wish to be authorised to preach, but
first they must be recommended by the minister of the parish.’
3.
Moved
by Turi Kara. Seconded by Rev W Rangi: ‘ That the Bishop of Aotearoa ask the
Diocesan Office to provide a pension for Rewi Tamihana as an appreciation of
his 57 years as a Lay-Reader.’
4.
Moved
by Turi Kara; seconded by Rev Hemi Huata:
(a)
‘This
meeting of the Archdeaconry of Hawkes Bay asks the Trustees of Te Aute College to
consider favourably the people’s request that a ministry school for the Maori
People be set up alongside Te Aute College, to be called the Upper Department
of Te Aute.’
(b)
A
separate house should be available for the young men of the ministry school,
the whole country to be responsible for [?e whaara]. Meals should be
eaten in the refectory of the school pupils to keep the expenses down.
(c)
If the
request is agreed to, this meeting thinks that the pool of money
[1080]
allocated
to the Maori students at St John’s College should go to this school to assist in the
founding of this ministry school for the Maori people.
5.
Moved
by Hori Tupaea; seconded by Rev Hakiwai: ‘Since a hui is to be held on the
coming 12th January to celebrate the centenary of the Maori Church
at Waimate, this hui recommends that the clergy and lay-representatives from
this archdeaconry accompany the Bishop of Aotearoa to that hui.’
6.
About
the Bishop going to England. This matter was raised to consider carefully the
ideas of Sir Apirana Ngata. There was also discussion of the successor to the
Bishop of Waiapu and the hui was at one on this.
7.
Moved
by Rev Hemi Huata; seconded by Rewi Tamihana: Discussion of Missions and the
Confirmation Services was postponed until the Napier Synod.
8.
Moved
by Hori Tupaea; seconded by P H Tomoana: ‘This hui authorises Turi Kara and
Hata Tipoki to organise the work of the Church relating to the parishes of
Mohaka and Te Wairoa.’
9.
Moved
by Turi Kara; seconded by Hata Tipoki: ‘The indebtedness of the parishes of Te
Wairoa and Mohaka stands at £322/13/8. This hui asks the Bishop of Aotearoa to set
out before the Standing Committee in Napier the thinking of the people of these
two parishes, that is, that this amount be halved because there are too few
Church of England members to meet this debt. If it agrees to this request the
amount of £161/6/10 will be paid before the end of December.’
10.
Moved
by Hata Hipoki; seconded by P H Tomoana: ‘This hui believes that it is a good
thing to bring together the Churches among the Maori People and to seek a basis
on which those Churches can be united.’
11.
Moved
by Rev Hakiwai; seconded by H K Rapaea: ‘That the members of this hui keep
Wednesday, 16th October free for a 10 a.m. collective Farewell on
the part of the Archdeaconry of Waiapu to their Archdeacon as he prepares to
become Bishop. The organising committee is
Rev Hakiwai, Hori Tupaea, and Ihakara Rapana.’
12.
Moved
by Hori Tupaea; seconded by Hata Tipoki: ‘(a) This hui asks the Bishop of
Aotearoa to ask for the resignation of Piri Munro as Trustee of the Church Hall
at Te Wairoa, the Bishop of Aotearoa to become Trustee instead. (b) The Bishop
to thank Te Omana for his effort in running that
[1081]
hall and his
loyalty to the Church. (c) That the Bishop of Aotearoa show the Hall Account
Books from the beginning to the present to the lawyer.’
13.
Moved
by H K Rapaea; seconded by Hata Tipoki: ‘This hui believes that when ministers
are working in the Maori Church and amongst other peoples, and have no other source
of remuneration, it is appropriate that this is investigated, and if the
Standing Committee of the Diocese can find funds to supplement the stipend,
then the Bishop of Aotearoa could pass on this money to them.’
14.
Moved
by Turi Kara; seconded by P H Tomoana: ‘This hui congratulates those clergy who
have been made Area Ministers, that is, Assistant Inspectors. This is an
honour. This hui hopes that the business and the work of the Archdeaconry will
be advanced by their work.’
15.
Moved
by Rev Huata; seconded by Rev Mataira: ‘This hui salutes the Bishop of Waikato
for his concern for the Maori People and for appointing one of his Maori clergy
as Archdeacon and another as a Canon.’
16.
Moved
by Henare Hutana; seconded by Rewi Tamihana: ‘This hui asks the ministers and
the lay representatives to increase the take-up of our paper, Te Toa Takitini,’
in their areas.’
17.
About
appointing one of the lay-representatives of Te Wairoa as a spokesman to Synod.
This matter was postponed.
18.
The
hui agreed, at the request of Matene Whaanga, to hold the Standing Committee
Meeting at Nuhaka next year.
19.
This
hui asks the Diocesan Secretary to publish the Credit Side of the Parish
Accounts so that the real extent of the indebtedness of each parish is clear.
20.
Moved
by P H Tomoana; seconded by H K Rapaea: ‘This hui supports the proposal that
the first Sunday in December, the date of the consecration of the first Maori
Bishop, be set apart as a a day of praise to God for this blessing bestowed on
the Maori Church.’
21.
Moved
by Turi Kara; seconded by J Mitara: ‘This hui supports the motion passed at the
Aorangi Hui concerning the Bishop’s staff.’
22.
Moved
by Rev Hakiwai; seconded by K Tareha: ‘This hui thanks the local people for
the hospitality of their marae, and for the good issues brought to the hui.
[1082]
LETTERS
RECEIVED
To
the Editors.
I
have seen the opinions of some people and also those of the Editors about whether or not the Bishop of Aotearoa
should go to England. Apirana has given his opinion – and opinion carefully
considered – that the Bishop should not go. Some ideas I have seen are just the
inconsequential proposals of contentious spirits. These serve no purpose. The
Editors have proposed that the matter be settled at the Waimate Hui. I am not
able to attend Waimate and so I will share my thoughts now.
I
shall not examine the rights or wrongs of the Bishop’s going to England, but I
would say that the thing that people are arguing is that it is better for the
Bishop to stay at home. The journey would not do good insofar as the people are
divided. Were the people in agreement that would be good and people would not
be worried about it. Even though it is being left for the Waimate Hui to decide
there will still be argument. Were the Hui to reject Apirana’s proposal would
that mean that they were right and he was wrong? We must remember that many
agree with Sir Apirana. There will be nothing wrong should he stay home, but
going may perhaps be a mistake. My thought is, ‘Stay at home to cultivate your vineyard
and to gather together the remnant of the Maori People.’
R[eweti]
T K[ohere]
To
the Editors.
My
friends, greetings. Please make known the gratitude of the the people of the
Motiti Church to Mr and Mrs Gordon of Clive, HB, for their gift which we
received on 1st October. It is a real treasure that they sent – a
carpet for the sanctuary of our church. My heart is at a loss to express my
feelings on receiving this great gift. I do not know an adequate way of
thanking this Pakeha and his wife as I am Maori and do not know the right way
of acknowledging people’s thoughtfulness.
May
the blessing of our heavenly Father rest upon you for this token of love for
the young Motiti Church. But let me just
say, the paths of mankind are hidden, but it is by the pathway of the faith and
by our deeds that we are known as brothers and sisters.
Pene Ngamanu
Motiti Island, Tauranga.
To Bishop
Bennett,
Greetings to you
and all your household. May you know the
blessings of the Almighty. That’s enough of greetings.
The Ringatu
Church has seen the articles in Te Toa and they have made me heavy-hearted.
Your ministers
[1083]
provided those
articles. It was as if I had said that the [?potuatini - ?shark] was Te
Kooti’s god. It is not like that. The religion of Te Kooti is based on the
Bible of the Church of England.
Peni Hakiwai reported
my greeting to you at Te Poroporo. One of those reports had me saying that
Christ cursed the Sabbath. That was not the case. Rather, Christ condemned the
Law, the law of the Circumcision given to Abraham. (Galatians 3.13-14)
As for the
Sabbath, it had me saying that the Ringatu Sabbath was wrong. It was not like
that. What was wrong was the way the Ringatu were observing their Sabbath,
because they were playing billiards and football, and drinking beer, and doing
bad things on the Sabbath. But the correct Sabbath is the Saturday. My friend,
may our children be well prepared for the blessings to come.
Bishop Tumatara,
Te
Teko, 14/9/29
To
the Editors.
Greetings
to the two of you who keep our bird in good heart to bring news to each marae.
So to you, my friends, the People and the Country, greetings to you all. Greetings
to you who carry the inheritance of our mother, Te Mura Hakaraia, of Ngati
Rangatahi who has departed. Her links were with Maniapoto, Matakore, Waewae,
Pikiahu, Ngati Kauhata, and all Ngati Raukawa as far as Maungaarake. There was
nothing good about her death. I had thought that as she had a strong faith in
God she would not suffer such illnesses. On Friday 4th she closed
her eyes, she shut her mouth, and would not take food. On Friday 12th
she at last died. It was a different death.
After
Te Mura, Te Manawaroa Te Aweawe also died. He was one of the young chiefs of
all Raukawa, and of all Taanenuiarangi, of all Kauhata, and of Whanganui. The
two of them represented all the tribes and the ancestors of the country. So
there were great outpourings of love for the two of them. Farewell, friend,
together with your mother. Farewell from Rangiatea, Te Paeroa, and Te Aputa at
Wairau. Farewell. You were baptised with the name of Ngati Raukawa and were
called Te Manawaroa of all Ngati Raukawa. God carefully fetched you and took
you away. Go to your heavenly Father who will give you and your mother rest
until the day of Resurrection. Go to the people in the afterlife, to the
gathering of distinguished ones.
My
lament for Te Mura is the lament of her grandmother, Hinekiore. It is in Nga
Moteatea.
My
lament for Te Manawaroa is the lament of his grandmother, Topeora. This is it:
‘Twas a misty-dismal day when you
departed,
You gave one backward glance and I
saw your face.
[1084]
Nought now avails for you are gone
to your spouse;
All that remains gives me wakeful
nights.
Almost I was minded to join the
company of Riripo.
There was no seer for the water
ritual of parting,
To abate this love within me.
Salutations to you, O friend! I now
betake myself
To the resounding falls at Waikohatu,
There to meet you, O Te Hika.
*False was the thought the dear one
was for Karanga,
To be taken and used as a fireside
fender.
My lips do hasten but, alas, immovable
my body.
[This waiata and
translation are as in Nga Moteatea, Part I, Number 48. *This line in Te
Toa Takitini is, ‘The lullaby was made up; the man was mine.’]
We met at the Minister’s
Office to salute Te Manawaroa. There was much love expressed. He was of noble
descent, good, and widely loved.
Taite Te Tomo
P.B.,
Wellington, 16/10/29
THE FALL OF A
TOTARA
We have heard
the news that Rakena Manawaroa Te Aweawe has been laid to rest at his home at
Rangiotu. He returned from visiting his friend. When he reached the gate of his
house he was suddenly struck ill and died instantly. He was 62 years old. A
cloud of sadness descended on his many hapu.
He was a son of Hara
Rakena Te Aweawe, a leading chief of Rangitane and Ngati Raukawa. He was
popularly known as Rea Larkins. He studied at Te Aute College. He was an expert
rugby player. He played in the College team that played against the Maori team
on its return from England in 1888. He was also in the Hawkes Bay team that
played against Stoddart’s team.
During the Great
War he helped in many ways, making his place at Rangiotu available for a camp
for the soldiers of the Rifle Brigade. He was knowledgeable farmer and won
prizes.
FROM TE TOA
The article by
R[eweti] T K[ohere] gave the impression that the Editors are among those who
support the Bishop’s going to England. Not so! The Editors are impartial. It is
for the people to decide whether he goes or not. But Te Toa has explained the
thinking of those who say he should stay home.
It has been good
to discuss the matter. It has not been left for the Waimate Hui to make a
decision. The Maori Section of the Church met in Napier and concluded that it
is best if just the Bishop and Sir Apirana discuss the matter.
[1085]
The Synod of the
Diocese of Waiapu agreed that the Church make a presentation to Rewi Tamihana
of Te Wairoa to celebrate his 57 years as a Lay-Reader. The motion was moved by
Archdeacon Herbert Williams and seconded by the Bishop of Waiapu. The thought
is that it will take the form of a supplement to his pension for the rest of
his life.
Rewi Tamihana is
85 years old. He studied at Te Raukahikatea for two years. Since then he has
been a Lay-Reader for 57 years. He conducted services like the ministers and,
indeed, did more, travelling to all parts of the parish to take services. He
went out doing this every Sunday and did all the work required of him.
He asked the
meeting of the Standing Committee at Pakowhai if he could stop working because
his eyesight was deteriorating. His family didn’t agree. Hata Tipoki and Turi
Kara said, ‘Koro, you must die with your boots on!’ [Lit. You should die
at work.] These two came up with the idea of a pension for their elder, an idea
supported by Synod.
The Strangers
We hear with disapproval
that some people are using these words in these days. Perhaps we should say
that it is because of ignorance. Ratana teaching has it that all those outside
the Ratana Church are ‘strangers,’ whether Pakeha or Maori. The use of the
words has spread rapidly, but thoughtful people certainly aren’t inclined to
use them. This is perhaps the time to put an end to the [?whakaihu waaki]
of those words.
The strangers [tauiwi]
is the Maori translation of the English word, Gentiles, in the Hebrew, ‘Goyim.’
To the Hebrews, the Jews, all non-Jews were Goyim. This was because they were a
people chosen by God and committed to the Laws. Those outsiders who took upon
themselves the Jewish ways were called ‘proselytes.’ We see that ‘strangers’
are all who are outside the teachings and the calling of the Jews.
As a result of the
Gospel of Jesus Christ, Jews abandoned labelling other nations as strangers. For
Christ all are his. John 3.16. Colossians 3.11. So, where do the Ratana get
their teaching?
THE NAME AOTEAROA
To Te Toa.
Greetings to you
and the young people who produce you. Greetings to you who point out what is
bad, but also the goodness, the righteousness and the faith of people. This
pleases me. Whatever the articles, they are there for everyone to read. There
is no ill will in them. It is as if we are talking face to face. Although
people may life at a great distance from one another
[1086]
the articles speak
to them. Therefore, I am very happy to leave it to our paper to publish our
articles. This is a new world with its own ways of doing things. The old world
has been left behind; and, people, let us practise the law of the new world.
As for the words
of my friend, Ngakuru Pene Haare: he says that he does not like to write things
down in letters but prefers to speak with people face to face. But if what one
says in a letter is right it is also right if it is spoken. And if what is
written in a letter is wrong then it is wrong if it is said. You will not
present it to us. We have made available our opinions and you have seen them.
The matter will not be concluded if you remain silent, so please speak. Or call
together a hui and we will address [? whakahurimi] you and you will be
able to speak. These words appear to be derisive, but do not let them distress
you. If these words happen to offend you don’t let them stop the discussion;
let’s continue to talk. These words are not uttered gratuitously but are a
response to this kind of speech.
As for my first
subject, what I said was wrong. When the paper arrived I saw the error. Let me
correct it. Concerning those Toto took on board Aotea [? Mo te utanga a Toto
i te ngakau aotea ki runga ki te tangata] – he took on board, instead, Ruanui and his
wife, Hinerauwharangi.
Laments lie behind
the accounts given by my friends Tuhitaare Heemi and Wi Repa. I agree with Tuhitaare
when he says that Kupe was not the first person to come to this country. But he
does not say who that person was. I have to say [?ma tetahi taana]. The
first person in this country was a bird called a fantail. According to the
elders that man was Ruatupua who was also a bird. Let me explain: It was like
this, those birds belonged to Ruatupua. They flew off as a flock into the world
and arrived on this island. Afterwards Kupe arrived and saw those birds. When
Kupe returned he told Turi that there were no people there. Those he did see
were asleep and seriously ill, with their buttocks above and their heads below.
Now, we know that the fantails tumble over and over with their tail feathers
above and their heads below. That was Kupe’s account.
One cannot include
Te Waipounamu [the South Island] and Wharekauri [the Chathams] under the name
Aotearoa. They have their own names. But perhaps we can speak of the people living
there as being one people, us Maori. It is peace and love that brings this
about. ‘Make every effort to maintain the unity of the Spirit in the bond of
peace.’ (Ephesians 4.3) Therefore, best wishes to us all. From your good
friend.
Kapua
Rangataua Keepa
Purangi.
[1087]
THE WAIMATE
CENTENARY
To Te Toa
Takitini.
Please spread this
notice to the country’s marae. In the coming year, 1930, we shall celebrate the
centenary of Te Waimate – the settling of Mr Marsden and the elders of the
Church at Te Waimate as the foundation [poutokomanawa – central post of the
whare] of the work and the base for taking the faith to the whole country in
those days. At a recent meeting at Te Waimate the Archbishop was present. It was decided that Sunday, 12th
January, 1930, will be a day of praise at Te Waimate for the whole country,
Maori and Pakeha, and that a stone lichgate will be built and a plaque placed
in the church to commemorate Mr Marsden and the first missionaries.
At the meeting of
the Standing Committee of the Maori Section of the Diocese of Auckland,
attended by the Bishop of Aotearoa, it was agreed that that committee should
organise the Maori part of that commemoration. A letter from the Archbishop was
read to that meeting in which he asked
that the Maori section take part in the planning and the running of that great
day. Therefore it has been given to Te Toa Takitini to alert the country’s
marae to this important matter. Any ideas the tribes have for this ccasion
should be sent to me.
W
N Panapa,
Secretary
of the Organising Committee,
Kaikohe.
MORE ITEMS
The Labour Party
has been elected to govern all of Sydney.
It has been
discovered that some cases of Typhoid Fever have resulted from eating oysters.
In recent months
it has been found that eating melons counteracts the fattening things that
cause diarrhoea.
Te Hiima, Head of
the Maori Section of the Wesleyan Church, said in his sermon in Hamilton that talk
of trouble with Maori women and Chinese men in Auckland was ridiculous.
The Diocese of
Melanesia extends more that 2000 miles from one end to the other.
It is said that of
the people who have been in the Mental Hospital at Porirua more than 4000 were
born here, 2000 were immigrants, and 17 were from India or China.
On 17th
October, 1,207,200 people were unemployed in England. This is 112,506 fewer
than last year.
[1088]
The number of
people who are unemployed in New Zealand at present is 6,206. The Government
said on 10th of the month that 5000 had obtained employment. Work
has been provided for 2765; 650 have declined it.
There are two
kitchens for cooking whitebait on the Waikato, one at Tuakau and the other near
Te Kohanga. These kitchens are being kept very busy at present. Unlimited
quantities of whitebait are being caught. The money earned by those catching
the whitebait can reach as much as £100 a day.
In the Supreme
Court in Wellington, Justic Blair decreed that a man must not turn his vehicle
on the wrong side of the road; by not doing this it is easy to avoid accidents.
DYSENTRY
Because of what I
have seen as I have gone about amongst many of our people in various parts of
the country, I had the idea of sending out some instructive papers about some
of the illnesses that we suffer from. Many of us fall ill because of the wrong
things we do. Because they are healthy some have got better.
So, there is an
illness affecting the tribes of Ngati Whatua and . Waikato. Some call it
dysentery [mate koianga], others diarrhoea [koirere], others a
gushing out sickness [mate rere totoo]. This illness did not
afflict our ancestors; it was brought here by outsiders – Pakeha, Indians,
Chinese, and others.
The germs that
cause this illness cannot be seen with the naked eye but only with a
microscope. There are many sorts. One is not found in cold countries but only
in hot places. Three kinds of germ have been found in the present outbreak in
New Zealand. The type found in the Auckland area is called a ‘Shiga’ – a germ
that likes the sweetness of sugar.
The type of the
germ of the diarrhoea germ in the Tuwharetoa area is ‘Flexner’ – a germ that is fond of meat. When
it enters a person the germ multiplies rapidly. It likes to live in the
intestines. There it begins to feed on the intestines and produces rotting
slime. It has eaten into the walls of
the entrails of the person. As a result the whole stomach is sore and bloated
and it begins to rupture. Because that germ is still biting deep into his food,
the sickness spreads in the intestines, and blood emerges in the [?koraha - lavatory].
By now the patient
is very ill. He is suffering severe internal pain and is always on the point of
wanting to go to the lavatory and does so 30 to 50 time a day
[1089]
with little result
– mostly pus or blood. The parts being eaten into by the germs, the walls of
the intestines, are now very thin. One must be very careful not to feed the sick
person the wrong food lest they rupture and the person dies.
The Care to be Taken
by Everyone.
1.
Ensure
that the houses are clean inside and outside.
2.
All [?aweawe
- ?rubbish] should be burned or buried.
3.
Food
kept in cupboards should have lids on them. Food should not be allowed to
gather dust or flies.
4.
The
same precautions should be taken with the outside toilet; the seat should have
a lid and ashes can be spread in it.
It
is flies that carry this disease. The fly enters the toilet where he eats, then
he wants some relish so he flies inside and puts his dirty feet on your food
and so passes on all sorts of terrible diseases. Children with weak stomachs are
soon infected.
So, people, for
most of the new Pakeha illnesses that afflict us the best treatment is
prevention. See that the two cupboards are kept clean – the food cupboard and
the privy, and that everything has lids. And ensure that the privy is set apart
from other places. If you are able to build privies apart with water to carry
away the contents (water closet and septic tank) that is very good.
Marae and large pa
should make every effort to put in such septic tank systems.
Also when an area
is experiencing these illnesses, gatherings of people should be limited in
numbers, for example, tangihanga; and people should not visit other marae in
the district. If someone in your house is ill do not visit the homes of others.
Send for the doctor, the nurse, or the inspector.
5.
In the
case of the sicknesses in Waikato and Ngati Whatua it was found that one source
of the sickness was water melons bought from outsiders – Chinese, Hindus, and
Pakeha. Therefore, tribes and hapu, let us go increasing together and not
become ill in the coming years with this scoundrel of a disease. Let us not eat
water melons that are not ours, that haven’t been planted by Maori. But if you
are desperate to eat those melons wipe them down with disinfectant or fresh
water and leave them in the sun to dry, and then put them in your larder. [? We
must not just wash the outsides just before eating.]
Caring for the
Sick.
1.
Keep the
patient’s eating utensils and other things used in his care apart.
2.
He
must have his own room. The carer must take great care to wash their hands after
touching the patient or his things.
3.
All
the excretions of the patient should be taken far away in a kerosene tin and heated
to boiling to kill the germs. Then they can be buried.
Medication and
Nursing
1.
The
patient should not eat on the first day. However he should drink boiled water
and take Epsom Salts every two hours to clear out the bowels. There is nothing
wrong with taking flax water, but it may be too strong for children. Koromiko
should not be given during the first weeks; what this does is it crams in the
germs and prevents them from emerging, and so the patient dies. Milk should not
be given on the first day, but rather barley water. The excretions should be
constantly inspected to see if they contain blood and foul discharges. If these
things cease appearing then, after four hours give the patient Epsom Salts. At
night one can take a breather from giving salts. If the patient shows ongoing signs
of improvement, give the medicine twice a day. On the second day continue to
give the medicine according to the above instructions. The patients should be fed
barley water, rice water, arrowroot, puha water, and sugar.
Ensure
that he gets plenty of this food – sugar, so that the germs turn to eating
sugar so that the medicine expels them. Therefore, he should not stop taking
the purgative medicine.
When the patient
is returning to health he should continue to be fed but with small quantities.
It is good to give him milk mixed with barley water or rice water. The
improving health of the patient and the return of his motions to normal indicate
that he may be given other kinds of food as relish. It is for the carer to
decide what is appropriate. There should be no solid foods until the patient is
very well.
Enough! As for the
Ngati Tuwharetoa outbreak, we have heard that people are recovering from the [?rau-runa]
which was afflicting them, and they have finished with the [?whakamaramara]
mentioned above. This was a different germ from that found in theWaikato. It
did not affect people so badly. It was possible to give them the meat broth.
So much for my
explanations and cautions. Keep grasping your taiaha so that you repel attacks.
E
P Ellison
Director, Division
of Maori Hygiene.
[1091]
THE TUAKAU GUEST HOUSE
On 28th
September, Te Puea of Ngaruawahia laid the Foundation Stone of the Guest House
which is being built to accommodate Maori and travellers from afar who turn
aside to Tuakau.
Te Puea’s speech
was directed at thanking the Pakeha for their generous help with this project
for the benefit of Maori and which is coming into being with the first post in
place for the foundation of this house. Therefore, she thought that the house
would be of great value to the district and a means of bringing together the
two peoples, Maori and Pakeha, in their thinking and activities in the days to
come.
Afteer Te Puea, Dr
Pohau Erihana spoke for the Department of Health. In his speech he told the
Pakeha of the great work Te Puea was doing to help her Waikato tribe. The house
being built here was a fruit of Te Puea’s work to help her people here. It is not a hospital but, when a person is
ill, they can be brought here to stay, the house being convenient for visits of
inspection by doctors and nurses.
He also expressed
gratitude to Erueti Matete and his wife for their gift of a section for the
house to be built on. He said that he thought the site was an excellent one for
such houses because it was central. People from north and south of Tuakau had
trains and many vehicles to bring them here, just as people on the Tai Rawhiti
had many good vehicles and good roads. People on the Tai Hauauru and at the
Waikato river mouth can get to Tuakau quickly on the tide in their canoes. So
it was very appropriate to build this Guest House at Tuakau.
After Dr Erihana,
Mr Fulton, the member of the Tuakau Town Board, spoke. He too thanked Te Puea
for her help in erecting this treasure to be a place to stay and a benefit for
the people here for those visiting. It will not be just a place to stay but
also a hospital during those times when people are coping with various
illnesses, and where they can have visits from the Maori doctor and nurses here.
This house will stand for many years although it is being built now. He was
here as a spokesman to assure people of the support of the Tuakau Town Board.
After this the
policeman, Constable Maiden, expressed his admiration for Te Puea and the Maori
for their work on this project which is being fulfilled today.
[1092]
Then the man from
the Tuakau Newspaper, Mr Hilary, spoke. The tenor of his speech was
thankfulness for the completion of this treasure which we can see with our eyes.
He is someone who helped with this project insofar as he prints in his paper
everything that is done to stir up and help both Maori aand Pakeha. Waepeke led
‘Ka mate! Ka mate!’ to bring proceedings to an end.
After the speeches
it was made known that the Pakeha proposed to help beautify the setting. Maori
were to choose trees to plant to enhance the area and provide shade in days to
come, and the Pakeha would pay for them.
LAKE OMAPERE
Recently the Maori
Land Court met at Kaikohe. The important case being heard was the claim of some
of the hapu of Ngapuhi to the reservation of Lake Omapere, specifically, the
land beneath the waters. The Representatives of the Crown contested that
reservation because, according to them, there could be no separate ownership of
land beneath the water in Maori custom. For another thing, Maori had sold the
land around that lake, and, consequently the Crown had sole ownership of the
lake such as was being claimed by the Maori.
The Maori claim
was not just for the land under the lake, they also claimed the whole lake as
it was their source of food. Nearly 2000 to 3000 eels were killed by them during
the year.
That case, the
Maori claim, was moved to Auckland because of the many issues involved. If the
Maori claim to that lake is found to be justified and strong it will return to
Kaikohe for judgement.
At the hearing of
the Lake Omapere case in Auckland in June, the claim made by the Crown, that
the land under the lake did not belong to the Ngapuhi hapu but to the Crown,
was defeated. The Court said that the Treaty of Waitangi was authoritative and
in it are statements that confirm that the Maori are right. The Crown claimed the
land under the water, but no reason was given to confirm and support that
claim. It is possible that the case will go
the Court of Appeal and perhaps to the Privy Council.
[1093]
CONSUMPTION
The Causes of
Consumption
T Wi Repa, MB,
ChB.
Prevention
Anyone can do
this: the small and the great, the educated and the uneducated. If we make
efforts to prevent it then we will not be struck down by the weapon of
consumption. But it requires that we think seriously about implementing the
ways that will ward it off. These are practices that are new to most of the
people. They are also practices that the foolish are stubborn about adopting. They
are also of extraordinary importance to us Maori. It is our way of seeing
things that is the manure that feeds consumption - the way that we go along
with our claim that consumption is a Maori illness. Therefore, if we are to set
about preventing consumption we must uncover the roots of how we live, of our
habits, and the things we do in our lives, that is, Maori must reassess their
ways of life and the roots of those ways of living. We must adopt new standards
and new priorities, and seek the right way to escape being oppressed by
consumption. This advice is certainly not advice to the people to abandon the
ways of living of former times. One realises that this is a difficult subject.
What of it? All important matters are difficult for most people to grasp. But
although this is a weighty matter I shall still lay it out for the people to
see. It may prove bitter or it may be sweet. Time will tell if we will be
blessed in the years ahead of us or whether that will have to wait for those
who take our places.
First matter: If there is a person with consumption in
the home or the pa, immediately notify the nurse or the doctor. If someone
knows that they have consumption they must go to the doctor quickly to get advice. The person suffering from
consumption must bear in mind two things – his own body and those of other
people. If he is unwell he must be careful lest he pass on the disease to other
people. If the person with consumption lives with his family they must have a
separate room lest the illness spreads to others. If they cough they should cough
into torn up cloths which should then be burned in the fire. They should not spit
at random; it may dry and fly about in the dust and be sucked in by people who
are well.
These rules should
be discussed and thought about and learned by someone with consumption and
their carers.
1.
Consumption
is a disease passed on from one person to another.
2.
The
germs of consumption are in the phlegm of a person with consumption. It is very
bad when that phlegm is dried and is carried by the wind into the noses of
others.
[1094]
3.
It is
possible to prevent consumption from spreading.
4.
Whether
they are in a house or tent, the patient should cough into a cup or tin which
should be washed out with a teaspoon of Carbolic Acid.
5.
Change
this vessel every twelve hours or more frequently. Wash it with boiling water, empty
it into a hole two feet deep, and cover it with soil. Wash the vessel again in
boiling water.
6.
If the
patient goes outside they should carry a bottle in which to spit. Wash it as prescribed
for the vessel above.
7.
The
patient must not cough or spit on the street or the road.
8.
The
patient must not spit into his handkerchief. Spit into torn cloths which can
then be burned.
9.
The
patient must not dribble their phlegm lest it infect another part of their
body.
10.
The
patient should not kiss or allow themselves to be kissed.
11.
A
mother with consumption must not suckle her baby.
12.
The
patient should have their own separate plate, cup, and knife, These should be
washed apart from the utensils used by those who are well.
13.
If phlegm
happens to fall on the floor of the house then wipe it up with scraps of cloth
which can then be burned. Afterwards wipe down the spot with Carbolic Acid.
14.
The
room occupied by the patient should be cleaned thoroughly in the same way as
one washes the rooms of people with fever. Only when they are very clean should
someone else be permitted to use them.
15.
Fresh
air is essential for a person’s health. Therefore don’t deprive the patient of
it. Allow the patient to have fresh air at all times.
16.
During
the day, place the patient in a cool room with fresh air. It should be dry and high
above the ground. The windows should be open at all times. The patient may
spend many hours of the day walking outside. They should not do hard work, and
should not get tired, or get a chill.
17.
At
night: The patient alone should sleep in the room, which should be large and
dry and have fresh air. Open the windows, top and bottom, during the day and
the night, whether the weather is fine or stormy.
18.
But,
the best way to avoid consumption is to let fresh air and the sun’s rays into all
the rooms of the house.
(To be
continued.)
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